Most of these clubs aren't league clubs IMO
Anyway, the exhaustive list of clubs who have names (in no particular order)
Celtic
St Johnstone
Partick Thistle
Ross County
St Mirren
Hearts
Rangers
Hibernian
Queen of Sth
Raith Rovers
Airdrieonians
Queen's Park
Albion Rovers
East Fife
Clyde
East Stirling
Everyone else is just named after their town