Thinking about drivers who came from behind to win a title (as opposed to the current processions), the best example I can think of is Kimi Raikkonen in 2007.
First half of the season, Alonso and Hamilton were streaking away with it. But Kimi was untouchable at the end. At one stage he was 30 points behind (10 for a win in those days).
He was on the podium in each of the last 7 races (3 wins, 2 second places, 2 third places) and beat both the others by a single point in the last race of the season.
Any other examples?